{"id":1058,"date":"2022-02-27T22:02:44","date_gmt":"2022-02-27T22:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/kraft\/?p=1058"},"modified":"2022-09-20T21:41:47","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T21:41:47","slug":"vostok-1-tasarimi-ilk-uzay-araci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/kraft\/vostok-1-tasarimi-ilk-uzay-araci\/","title":{"rendered":"Vostok 1 Tasar\u0131m\u0131 (\u0130lk Uzay Arac\u0131)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uzay arac\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0ya da\u00a0uzay gemisi<\/strong>, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n atmosferi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle d\u0131\u015f uzayda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ara\u00e7 ya da makinedir. Tarihte uzaya ilk giden kozmonot Yuri GAGARIN’dir.<\/p>\n

Vostok 1, tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ilk uzay arac\u0131 olarak bilinmektedir ve u\u00e7u\u015fu Sovyet kozmonotu olan Yuri GAGARIN taraf\u0131ndan 12 Nisan 1961 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Sergey Korolyov ve Tasar\u0131m B\u00fcrosu OKB-1 taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Arac\u0131 olu\u015fturan 2 mod\u00fcl vard\u0131r;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022K\u00fcresel ini\u015f mod\u00fcl\u00fc: G\u00f6sterge ve kurtama sistemini bulunduran b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. 2,3 \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve 2, 46 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022Koni \u015feklinde te\u00e7hizat mod\u00fcl\u00fc: 2,25 m uzunlu\u011funda, 2,43 m geni\u015fli\u011finde, 2,27 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Motorlar\u0131 ve yak\u0131t\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Atmosfere girme esnas\u0131nda astronotun y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nca dayanabilmesi i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezi astronotun arka taraf\u0131na do\u011fru toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle astronot, s\u0131rt k\u0131sm\u0131na yaslan\u0131p rahat bir yolculuk yapabilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle G kuvvetine g\u00f6re ve astronot k\u0131yafetleri de G kuvvetine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k koruyucu malzemeler ile tasarlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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(G Kuvveti, bir k\u00fctleye belirli bir durumda etki eden h\u0131zlanmad\u0131r. Genellikle y\u00fcksek bir yerden d\u00fc\u015ferken veya bulunulan durum i\u00e7erisinden daha y\u00fcksek bir h\u0131zla yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru f\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131rken ya\u015fan\u0131lan G kuvveti, beyindeki ve v\u00fccudun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda olan kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccudun alt taraf\u0131na do\u011fru \u00e7ekilmesinden dolay\u0131 olan, \u00e7o\u011funlukla net g\u00f6rememe, zor nefes alma ve en \u00fcst seviyede de bay\u0131lma olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna, lunaparklardaki y\u00fcksek seviyeden birden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru ini\u015f yapan mekanik oyuncaklar\u0131 \u00f6rnek vermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.)<\/p>\n

Vostok 1, hem insan hem de foto\u011fraf makinesi ta\u015f\u0131mak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vostok tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 y\u0131l kadar kullan\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7o\u011funlukla insans\u0131z uydular i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Vostok 1 uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu olan ba\u015fm\u00fchendis Korolyov’un hedefi basit ve g\u00fcvenilir bir ara\u00e7 tasarlamakt\u0131. Korolyov, arac\u0131n i\u00e7indeki her bir sistemin en az bir yede\u011finin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 istemekteydi. B\u00f6ylelikle, hata oran\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik olan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma herhangi bir sorunda yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyecek problemleri d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zmeye yarayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n f\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda astronotlar 10 g kuvvetine maruz kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar do\u011frultusunda en uygun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen uzay arac\u0131 tasar\u0131m \u015fekline konik ve yuvarlak hatl\u0131 olmas\u0131 karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bu tasar\u0131m, astronotun bilin\u00e7sel olarak kal\u0131c\u0131 hasara u\u011framamas\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda ses kontrol\u00fc de sa\u011flanmal\u0131, astronotun i\u015fitme kayb\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in iyi bir yal\u0131t\u0131m yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f (f\u0131rlat\u0131\u015f) esnas\u0131nda astronot arac\u0131 kullanmamaktad\u0131r. Bunun do\u011frultusunda, tasarlanacak olan sistemler ayr\u0131ca otomatik olmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

UZAY ARACI TASARIMLARI<\/p>\n